Sprite 1984 - 1993/Sprite 1984 - 1993.iso/man/cmds/mx.man

Text File | 1990-04-19 | 44.6 KB | 1,017 lines

'\" Copyright 1989 Regents of the University of California
'\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
'\" documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
'\" granted, provided that this notice appears in all copies.
'\" The University of California makes no representations about
'\" the suitability of this material for any purpose.  It is
'\" provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
'\"
'\" $Header: /sprite/src/cmds/mx/RCS/mx.man,v 1.18 90/03/29 11:33:48 ouster Exp $ SPRITE (Berkeley)
'
.so \*(]ltmac.sprite
.HS MX cmds
.BS
.SH NAME
mx \- Mouse-oriented editor for X
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBmx \fR[\fIoptions\fR]  [\fIfile file file ...\fR]
.br
\fBmxsync \fR[\fIoptions\fR]  [\fIfile file file ...\fR]
.SH OPTIONS
.IP "\fB\-bd \fIcolor\fR" 15
Use \fIcolor\fR as the border color for the window.  If this switch
isn't given then the \fBborderColor\fR X default is used.  If it isn't given
either, then the foreground color is used.
.IP "\fB\-bg \fIcolor\fR" 15
Use \fIcolor\fR as the background color for the window.  If this switch
isn't given then the \fBbackground\fR X default is used.  If it isn't given
either, or if the display is a black-and-white one, then White is used.
.IP "\fB\-D\fR" 15
Causes \fBmx\fR not to detach itself from its parent process.  Useful
when \fBmx\fR is invoke from programs that wait for it to finish,
like mail programs.  If \fBmx\fR is invoked under the name \fBmxsync\fR
then \fBmx\fR acts as if this switch had been given.
.IP "\fB\-display \fIhost\fB:\fIdisplay\fR" 15
.VS
Use \fIhost\fR and \fIdisplay\fR as an indication of the
display on which to open the window.  The display defaults to the
one specified in the \fBDISPLAY\fR environment variable.
.IP "\fB\-f\fR" 15
Treat all remaining arguments as file names.  This option must be
used to
edit a file if its name starts with ``\-'' or ``='' or ``+'' or contains
a ``:'' character.
.VE
.IP "\fB\-fg \fIcolor\fR" 15
Use \fIcolor\fR as the foreground color for the window.  If this switch
isn't given then the \fBforeground\fR X default is used.  If it isn't given
either, or if the display is a black-and-white one, then Black is used.
.IP "\fB\-fn \fIfont\fR" 15
Use \fIfont\fR as the font for the window.  If this switch isn't given,
then the \fBfont\fR X default is used as the font.  If it isn't given
either, then the Sx default font is used.
.IP "\fB\-geometry \fIgeometry\fR" 15
.VS
Use \fIgeometry\fR as the geometry for the window.  If no geometry
is specified on the command line, it the geometry defaults to the value of the
\fBgeometry\fR X default.  If no default is specified, then
\fBmx\fR picks a geometry.
.IP \fB\-help\fR
Print out a list of the command-line options (and brief descriptions
of their functions) and exit without opening a window.
.IP "\fB\-icon \fIfile\fR" 15
\fIFile\fR is the name of a file in bitmap format.  Read the file and
use it as the icon for the window.  If \fIfile\fR is \fBlocalhost\fR,
then \fBmx\fR chooses the default icon file corresponding to the local host.
.IP "\fB\-ix \fIxcoord\fR" 15
Display the icon at x-coordinate \fIxcoord\fR.
.IP "\fB\-iy \fIycoord\fR" 15
Display the icon at y-coordinate \fIycoord\fR.
.VE
.IP "\fB\-sb \fIcolor\fR" 15
Use \fIcolor\fR as the background color for the window's scrollbar.
If this switch isn't given then the \fBscrollbar.background\fR
X default is used.  If it isn't given either, then the background
color for the text window is used.
.IP "\fB\-sf \fIcolor\fR" 15
Use \fIcolor\fR as the foreground color for the window's scrollbar.
If this switch isn't given then the \fBscrollbar.foreground\fR
X default is used.  If it isn't given either, then the foreground
color for the text window is used.
.IP "\fB\-se \fIcolor\fR" 15
Use \fIcolor\fR as the color for the window's scrollbar elevator.
If this switch isn't given then the \fBscrollbar.elevator\fR
X default is used.  If it isn't given either, then the background
color for the text window is used.
.IP "\fB\-showtitle\fR" 15
.VS
Display a title bar at the top of the window.  Mx normally assumes
that a window manager will display a title bar;  if your window
manager doesn't, you may wish to use this switch.  If this switch
isn't specified, then Mx checks for a \fBshowTitle\fR X default;
if it exists and contains the string ``yes'', then a title
bar will be displayed.
.VE
.IP "\fB\-t \fItag\fR" 15
Look up \fItag\fP in the tags file of the current directory, open its
file in the new window, and go to the line of the tag.
.IP "\fB\-tb \fIcolor\fR" 15
Use \fIcolor\fR as the background color for the window's title bar.
If this switch isn't given then the \fBtitle.background\fR
X default is used.  If it isn't given either, then the background
color for the text window is used.  This option is ignored if Mx
isn't displaying a title bar.
.IP "\fB\-tf \fIcolor\fR" 15
Use \fIcolor\fR as the foreground color for the window's title bar.
If this switch isn't given then the \fBtitle.foreground\fR
X default is used.  If it isn't given either, then the foreground
color for the text window is used.  This option is ignored if Mx
isn't displaying a title bar.
.IP "\fB\-ts \fIcolor\fR" 15
Use \fIcolor\fR as the color for the window's title stripes.
If this switch isn't given then the \title.stripe\fR
X default is used.  If it isn't given either, then the foreground
color for the text window is used.  This option is ignored if Mx
isn't displaying a title bar.
.IP "\fB+\fR" 15
Position the file so its last line is visible in the window.
.IP "\fB+\fIlineNumber\fR" 15
After opening the file, select the first character of
line "\fIlineNumber\fP and make that line visible in the window.
For this switch, line 1 corresponds to the first line of the file.
.IP "\fB+\fIsearchPattern\fR" 15
After opening the file, search for \fIsearchPattern\fP, just as if a
\fBsearch\fP command had been invoked.  If the first character of
\fIsearchPattern\fP is a slash then the slash is ignored (this is
for vi compatibility and to permit search patterns that begin with
a digit).
.IP "\fB=\fIgeometry\fR" 15
Use \fIgeometry\fR as the geometry specifier for the window (same effect
as the \fB-geometry option).
.IP "\fIhost:display\fR" 15
Use this argument to select the display on which to create the window
(same effect as the \fB-display\fR option).
.BE
.SH INTRODUCTION
\fBMx\fR is a mouse-oriented editor that uses the facilities of the X window
system, the Sx supplementary library, and the Tcl command interpreter.
.VS
It displays a window containing the first
\fIfile\fP argument and permits \fIfile\fP to be edited using the
commands defined
below.  If no \fIfile\fR is specified, then \fBmx\fR displays a file
containing a tutorial introduction to \fBmx\fR.  If \fIfile\fR
is specified as an empty string, then
\fBmx\fR creates a scratch window without any particular file association.
\fBMx\fR normally detaches itself from its parent (as far as its
parent is concerned, \fBmx\fR will have exited);  if the \fB\-D\fR switch
is given, or if \fBmx\fR is invoked under the name \fBmxsync\fR,
then \fBmx\fR doesn't detach itself from its parent.
.VE
.LP
Almost all \fBmx\fR actions are invoked using Tcl commands.  See the Tcl
documentation for information on the basic command syntax and the
built-in Tcl commands.  \fBMx\fR extends the Tcl built-in commands
with additional commands for file editing;  the \fBmx\fR commands are
described in the COMMANDS section below.
Commands may be invoked in
any of three ways:  the command subwindow, pull-down menus, and keystroke
bindings.  The command subwindow is a small entry window that is
displayed at the bottom of the \fBmx\fR window.  When it is displayed,
commands may be entered there.  Pull-down menus appear in a bar at the
top of the \fBmx\fR window, and may be invoked by pressing a mouse button
over the menu name and releasing it over an entry in the menu.  Each menu
entry has a command associated with it;  when the entry is invoked, the
command is executed (see the \fBmenu\fP command for information on
how to create and modify menus).  The third command invocation
mechanism is through
keystroke bindings:  certain keystrokes, or combinations of keystrokes,
have commands associated with them.  When the keystroke sequence is typed,
the associated command is executed (see the \fBbind\fP command for
details).  For example, the ``a'' key
is normally bound to the command \fBinsert a\fR, which causes
character ``a'' to be inserted at the caret location.
.LP
Many commands may be invoked either through a menu entry or a keystroke
binding;  for these commands, the keystroke sequence bound to the command
appears at the right side of the menu entry.

.SH ".MX FILES"
After processing command line options, opening the window, and reading
in the file, \fBmx\fR checks for the existence of a file \fB.mx\fR in your
home directory (which is given by the
environment variable HOME).  If the file exists, \fBmx\fR
reads it in and processes it as a command file, just as if it were read
with the \fBsource\fP command.  Then it checks for an \fB.mx\fR file in the
current directory, and processes it if it exists.

.SH CARET AND SELECTION
The mouse may be used to position the caret (the insertion point)
and to select ranges of text.  The same actions apply both to the file
or to the search and command subwindows.
Left-clicking on a character positions the caret just before
that character.  Right-clicking will select all of the characters
from the caret up to and including the character under the pointer.
If the left button is clicked twice in quick succession without
moving the mouse, it invokes word selection:  the word containing
the character under the pointer is selected, the caret is positioned
at the left side of the word, and future right clicks will select
only full words.  If the left button is triple-clicked, line selection
will be invoked.  If the control key is held down while left- and
right-clicking, the selection will be set without changing the caret
or input focus.

.SH "VARIABLES"
.LP
There are several Tcl global variables that are set or used by \fBmx\fR
in some situations:
.RS
.TP
\fBfile\fP
Set by \fBmx\fR to the name of the file loaded in the window (which is
the first name in \fB$files\fR.
.VS
.TP
\fBfiles\fP
Set by \fBmx\fR to a list of all the \fIfile\fR arguments specified on the
command line that created the window.
.VE
.TP
\fBgeometry\fP
Geometry to use when creating new windows, if none is given as part
of the \fBopen\fR command.  See the
\fBopen\fP command for details.
.TP
\fBheight\fP
Set by \fBmx\fR to indicate
the height of the window, in lines of text.  If the last line
appearing in the window is only partially visible, it doesn't count.
.TP
\fBhelpDir\fP
\fBMx\fR presets this variable to the location of the directory containing
help information such as the tutorials.
.TP
\fBhistory\fP
\fBMx\fR automatically changes this variable on each mouse click to hold
information about all the recently-executed commands.  Several of
the default key bindings and menu entries also set this variable.
See the HISTORY section and the \fBhistory\fR command for more
information.
.TP
\fBnewWindow\fR
During the \fBopen\fR command, \fBmx\fR sets this global variable to hold
the id of the newly-created window.
.TP
\fBnoRegExps\fR
If this variable is set to ``1'', searches and replaces will use plain
strings.  By default, pattern matching takes place with vi-style regular
expressions.
.TP
\fBreplaceCmd\fP
When the middle button is clicked in the ``Replace'' string entry, or when
carriage-return is typed there, the contents of this variable are
executed as a command.
.TP
\fBreplaceString\fP
Set by \fBmx\fR to hold the contents of the replacement entry subwindow.
.TP
\fBsearchCmd\fP
When the middle button is clicked in the ``Search'' string entry, or when
carriage-return is typed there, the contents of this variable are
executed as a command.
.TP
\fBsearchString\fP
Set by \fBmx\fR to hold the contents of the search entry subwindow.
.TP
\fBtagFiles\fP
List of tags files to check in \fBtag\fP command, separated by
white space.  See the \fBtag\fP command for details.  This variable
is read by \fBmx\fR but not written.
.TP
\fBversion\fR
.VS
Set by \fBmx\fR to hold a version number in the form \fIx.y\fR, where
changes in \fIx\fR correspond to major revisions with probable
incompatibilities, and changes in \fIy\fR represent small bug fixes
and upgrades that should not cause substantial compatibility problems.
.VE
.TP
\fBwidth\fP
The width of the window, in characters.  If the last character position
is only partially-visible, then it doesn't count.  If a variable-width
font is being used, the average character size is used in computing
the window's width.
.RE

.SH "MARKS"
.PP
A mark is a string that identifies a position in the file.  It
has the format
.DS
\fIline\fB.\fIchar\fR
.DE
where \fIline\fR is a line number in the file and \fIchar\fR is
a position within that line.  For historical reasons, lines
number from 1 and characters number from 0.
.PP
Most commands that deal with positions in the file, such as
\fBsee\fP and \fBdelete\fP, take marks as arguments.  Typically,
marks are stored as the values of variables, although they may also be
typed in directly.  The \fBmark\fP command provides for simple mark
arithmetic.  The position indicated in a mark
need not actually exist in the file;  at the time the mark is used it
is rounded off to the closest actual position in the file.  For example,
if the line number doesn't exist in the file then it is changed to
the last line;  if the character position would like off the end of
the line, then it is rounded to the position of the last character
in the line.
.LP
When a command specifies that one of its arguments must be a mark,
the mark may either be specified in the \fIline.char\fR form
(either directly or through command or variable substitution),
or it may be specified symbolically using one of the following names, which
refer to special locations:
.RSquit
.TP
\fBbottom\fP
This special mark refers to
the character that appears in the bottom left corner of the window.
.TP
\fBcaret\fP
The special mark \fBcaret\fP corresponds to the character just to
the right of the caret position.
.TP
\fBcenter\fP
The leftmost character on the center line of the window.
.TP
\fBeof\fP
The last character in the file (which is always a newline character).
.TP
\fBsel.left\fP
The leftmost selected character.  This form of mark may only be used
if the selection is in the file that's in this window.
.TP
\fBsel.right\fP
The rightmost selected character.  This form of mark may only be used
if the selection is in the file that's in this window.
.TP
\fBtop\fP
The character that appears in the top left corner of the window.

.SH "HISTORY"
Under normal circumstances,
\fBMx\fR continuously records all the top-level commands being executed,
including those coming from keystrokes, menu entries, and the command,
search, and replace subwindows.
On each button click, undo, or search operation, all of the recorded
commands are saved in the variable \fBhistory\fR and the record is
cleared.  Thus the \fBhistory\fR variable describes all the commands
executed between the last two events in the above group.  It may
then be invoked as a command to repeat recent actions.
.PP
Under normal circumstances, \fBmx\fR does not record information about
mouse clicks,  searching, undoing, or \fBhistory\fR commands.
In addition, changes of focus to the command, search,
or replace subwindows are not normally recorded.  Having these commands
included in the \fBhistory\fR variable turns out to cause more trouble
than good.  However, much of this behavior is enforced by using
the \fBhistory\fR command in the key
bindings and menus established by the \fBmx\fR startup file, so you can
change it if you wish.  Only the mouse click behavior and \fBmx\fR's refusal
to record \fBhistory\fR commands are hard-wired.  See the \fBhistory\fR
command for information on how to control command recording.

.SH "COMMANDS"
The \fBmx\fR built-in commands are described below.  In addition to these
commands, any of the Tcl built-in commands may also be used.
Whenever a top-level command is invoked (i.e. in response to a keystroke or
menu selection, as opposed to the execution of a command procedure), if it
returns a non-empty result then the result is displayed in the message
window.  If the command returns an error then the error message is
displayed in the message window.
.TP
\fBbind \fR[\fIsequence\fR [\fIcommand\fR]]
If the \fIsequence\fR and \fIcommand\fR arguments are given,
this command associates
the keystroke sequence \fIsequence\fR with \fIcommand\fR and
returns an empty string.
From now on, whenever \fIsequence\fP is typed in the window,
the Tcl interpreter will be invoked to execute \fIcommand\fP.
If \fIsequence\fP is already bound to a command, then
\fIcommand\fP replaces the previous binding.  If there are two bound
sequences of which one is a prefix of the other, then the shorter
sequence will always match in preference to the longer one.
If \fIcommand\fR is an empty string, then the binding for \fIsequence\fR
(if any) is deleted, leaving \fIsequence\fP unbound.
.RS
.PP
If the first character of \fIcommand\fP is ``!'', it signifies that
no undo marks are to be generated around this command;  the ``!'' is
stripped from the command before executing it.  If several key bindings
in a row are invoked and each had the ``!'' prefix, then all of the
invocations will be undone together as a single unit.  If \fIcommand\fP
consists of nothing but the character ``\fB@\fP'' (optionally preceded
by ``!''), then whenever this
binding is invoked the command ``\fBinsert \fIkey\fR'' will be executed,
where \fIkey\fR is the last key typed on the keyboard.  ``\fB!@\fR''
is typically used as the binding for all the standard ASCII
characters.
.PP
If \fIcommand\fR isn't specified, then the \fIbind\fR command returns
the current binding for \fIsequence\fR, or the empty string if there
is no binding for \fIsequence\fR.  If neither \fIsequence\fR or \fIcommand\fR
is given, then \fBbind\fR returns a Tcl list whose elements are the
\fIsequence\fRs associated with all known keystroke bindings.
.RE
.TP
\fBcaret \fImark\fR
.TP
\fBcaret display \fItype\fR
.VS
In the single-argument form of this command, the caret is moved to
just before the character at the position given by \fImark\fP.
The two-argument form is used to change the way the caret position
is displayed.  If \fItype\fR is \fBcaret\fR, the caret position will
always be marked by displaying a caret just before the caret
character.  If \fItype\fR is \fBblock\fR, the
caret position will be marked by displaying the caret character in
reverse video.  If \fItype\fR is \fBoff\fR, then the caret position
will not be marked with any sort of special display.  Finally, a \fItype\fR
of \fBviblock\fR marks the caret position with a block when in vi mode
and with a caret otherwise (this mode is only relevant for \fBtx\fR).
The \fBcaret\fR command returns an empty string.
.VE
.TP
\fBclean\fR
Pretend that the contents of this window were just written to disk (but
don't actually write anything).  Until the next time the file is
modified, \fBmx\fR will assume that the window is ``clean'':  if you invoke
commands like \fBquit\fR or \fBswitch\fR then \fBmx\fR will happily discard the
contents of the window without warning you or giving you a chance to
abort the command.
.TP
\fBcolumn \fImark\fR
Return the column corresponding to the left edge of the character
at the position indicated by \fImark\fR.  \fIMark\fR must be a valid
mark.  Columns are computed by treating normal characters as one
column wide, control characters as two columns wide, and tabs as
wide enough to extend up to the next 8-column boundary.  Character 0
of a line is at column 0.
.TP
\fBcontrol \fIoption string\fP
This command performs control-character processing on \fIstring\fR,
depending on the value of \fBoption\fR (abbreviations are OK):
.RS
.TP
\fBcontrol backslash \fIstring\fR
Returns a string that is identical to \fIstring\fR except that
non-printing characters are replaced with backslash sequences.
The newline control character is replaced with \fB\en\fR, tab is
replaced with \fB\et\fR, backspace is replaced with \fB\eb\fR, and
any other non-printing character is replaced with \fB\e\fIddd\fR
where \fIddd\fR gives the octal value of the character.
.TP
\fBcontrol binding \fIstring\fR
This command is used primarily to produce a printable description of
a keystroke sequence that is bound to a command.  It returns a string
consisting of space-separated fields corresponding to the characters
of \fIstring\fR.  If a \fIstring\fR character is space, its
corresponding field is ``SPACE'';  if the \fIstring\fR character
is a normal printing character then the field is just that
character;  if the \fIstring\fR character is
rubout (177\d\s-18\s+1\u) the corresponding field is ``DEL'';
if the \fIstring\fR character is a control character, the
corresponding field is of the form ``C-a''; if the \fIstring\fR
character has its high-order bit set (200\d\s-1\8\s+1\u), then the
field is the same as if the high-order bit were not set, except that
``M-'' is prepended (301\d\s-1\8\s+1\u translates to ``M-A'').
.TP
\fBcontrol make \fIstring\fR
Returns a string of the same length as \fIstring\fR.  Each character in
the result is the control equivalent
of the \fIstring\fR character (e.g., ``a'' and ``A''
convert to control-A).  The character ``?'' converts to
rubout (177\d\s-1\8\s+1\u).
You may not use this command to generate a null character (0).
.RE
.TP
\fBdelete\fR \fImark1 \fR[\fImark2\fR [\fBnoviewchange\fR]]
Delete all of the characters between \fImark1\fP and \fImark2\fP,
inclusive.  If \fImark2\fR isn't specified, then delete the single
character at \fImark1\fR.  Normally, this command changes the
view in the window if necessary to ensure that the point of the
deletion is visible;  if \fBnoviewchange\fR is specified then
the view in the window will not be changed.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBextract\fR \fImark1 \fR[\fImark2\fR]
Return as result all of the characters in the file between the two
marks \fImark1\fR and \fImark2\fR.  If \fImark2\fR is omitted, then
return the single character at \fImark1\fR.
.TP
\fBfocus \fIwindow \fR[\fBclear\fR]
Arrange for all future keyboard input to be directed to \fIwindow\fR,
regardless of the mouse position.  \fIWindow\fR must have one of the
following values (or a unique abbreviation for it):
.RS
.TP
\fBcommand\fR
The command window that appears at the bottom of the file.
.TP
\fBfile\fR
The main window, which displays the file being edited.
.TP
\fBreplace\fR
The replace entry, which is part of the search/replace window that
appears just underneath the menu bar.
.TP
\fBsearch\fR
The search entry in the search/replace window.
.RE
.IP
If \fIwindow\fR isn't displayed when this command is invoked, \fBmx\fR
displays it.  Ifthe \fBclear\fR option is specified (or any
abbreviation of \fBclear\fR) then the contents of the given window
are cleared.  The \fBclear\fR option is ignored if \fIwindow\fR
is \fBfile\fR.  If input focussing has been disabled by the .Xdefaults
file, then \fBfocus\fR will open and/or clear \fIwindow\fR, but will
not focus on it.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBgeometry \fIspec\fR
Set the size and/or location of the window according to the information
in \fIspec\fR.  \fISpec\fR should be in the standard format for X geometry
specifications (\fB=80x24\fR, for example).  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBhistory\fR \fIoption\fR [\fIarg\fR]
Control the history recording process.  The exact function
depends on \fIoption\fR (which may be abbreviated uniquely):
.RS
.TP
\fBhistory add \fIinfo\fR
Append \fIinfo\fR to the current history record as if it had been
invoked as a command.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBhistory clear\fR
Discard all of the information in the current history record.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBhistory ignore \fIcommand\fR
Execute \fIcommand\fR but don't record it in the history record.
Note that no \fBhistory\fR commands are ever recorded, even if they don't
appear as the \fIcommand\fR argument to \fBhistory ignore\fR.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBhistory info\fR
Returns the current history record, with commands separated by
newlines.
.TP
\fBhistory next \fIvarName\fR [\fIcommand\fR]
Store the current history record in the variable \fIvarName\fR,
then clear the history record.  After clearing the history
record, if \fIcommand\fR is specified then execute it but don't
record it.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBhistory off\fR
Disable history recording.  Invocations of \fBhistory off\fR
nest:  recording will not resume until an equal number of
\fBhistory on\fR commands have been invoked.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBhistory on\fR
Re-enable history recording if the cumulative number of \fBhistory on\fR
commands is greater than or equal to the number of \fBhistory off\fR
commands.  This command is ignored if history recording is already
enabled.  Returns an empty string.
.RE
.TP
\fBindent\fR \fImark1 mark2\fR [\fB+\fR|\fB\-\fR] \fIamount\fR
Change the indentation of all the lines between \fImark1\fP
and \fImark2\fP, inclusive.  If no sign is given, then \fIamount\fP
specifies an absolute indentation:  for each of the lines,
the indentation will be set to \fIamount\fP.  If \fIamount\fP is
preceded by a minus (plus) argument, then the indentation of each line will be
reduced (increased) by \fIamount\fP units.
To set the indentation for a line to \fIi\fP, \fBmx\fR deletes all the
leading blanks and tabs in the line, then inserts \fIi\fP/8 tabs followed
by (\fIi\fP mod 8) spaces.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBinsert\fR \fIbytes\fR [\fImark\fR]
If \fImark\fR is specified, it contains a mark;  \fBinsert\fR
will insert the contents of the \fIbytes\fR
argument just before the character at position \fImark\fR.  Otherwise
the command will insert \fIbytes\fR at the position of the caret.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBmark\fI src op args\fR
Return a position in the file in the form \fIline.char\fR, where
\fIline\fR is a line in the file and \fIchar\fR is a character in
the line (lines number from 1, characters from 0).
\fISrc\fR must be a valid mark;
the return value is computed
by performing some operation on the position given by \fIsrc\fP,
depending on \fIop\fR and \fIargs\fR:
.RS
.TP
\fBmark \fIsrc\fR
Return the value of mark \fIsrc\fR.  This form is used to retrieve
the value of a built-in mark such as \fBsel.left\fR.
.TP
\fBmark \fIsrc direction amount units\fP
Return the position of
the character \fIamount units\fP away from \fIsrc\fP.  \fISrc\fP
must be a valid mark.  \fIDirection\fP
must be \fBforward\fP or \fBbackward\fP; it indicates which direction
to move from \fIsrc\fP.  \fIAmount\fP is a decimal number indicating
how far to move, and \fIunits\fP indicates the units for motion:
\fBchars\fP, \fBwords\fP, or \fBlines\fP.  For example,
\fBmark $b forward 1 word\fP will set variable \fBa\fP to
point to the beginning of the word just after the one containing
the position indicated by variable \fBb\fP.
.TP
\fBmark \fIsrc \fBchar \fIindex\fR
Return the position of the \fIindex\fP'th character in the line
given by \fIsrc\fP.  If \fIindex\fR is -1, then \fIdst\fP will
refer to the last character on \fIsrc\fR's line.
.TP
\fBmark \fIsrc \fBcolumn \fIindex\fR
Return the position of the character that covers column \fIindex\fR
on the line containing \fIsrc\fR.  Columns are computed by treating
normal characters as one space wide, control characters as two
spaces wide, tabs as wide enough to extend up to the next 8-column
boundary, and the newline at the end of the line as infinitely wide.
Columns number from 0.
.TP
\fBmark \fIsrc \fBline \fIindex\fR
Return the position whose line number is \fIindex\fP but whose
character position is the same as \fIsrc\fP's.
.TP
\fBmark \fIsrc \fBparenthesis\fR [\fIvarName\fR]
Return the position of the first character of the
parenthesis that matches the one pointed
to by \fIsrc\fP.  If \fIsrc\fP doesn't point to a parenthesis, then
return \fIsrc\fP.  If \fIvarName\fP
is specified, then it names a variable that is set to refer to the
last character of the matching parenthesis (this feature is only useful
for parentheses that are more than one character long).
.TP
\fBmark \fIsrc \fBsearch \fIdirection pattern\fR [\fIvarName\fR]
Search for \fIpattern\fP and return the position of the first character
of the matching range.  If \fIvarName\fP is given, it names a
variable that is set to the
last character of the matching range.  The search starts at the
position given by \fIsrc\fP and continues in \fIdirection\fP,
which must be either \fBforward\fP or \fBbackward\fP.  The search
is circular:  if a forward search reaches the end of the file then
it continues at the beginning;  if a backward search reaches the
beginning of the file then it continues at the end.  If no match
is found, then \fIsrc\fR is returned (and stored in the variable
named by \fIvarName\fP, if specified).
.RE
.TP
\fBmenu\fI option \fR[args\fR]
The \fBmenu\fP command is used to manipulate the pull-down menus
displayed at the top of the window.  It has several forms, depending
on \fIoption\fP:
.RS
.TP
\fBmenu append \fIname leftText centerText rightText color cmd\fR
Append a new entry onto menu \fIname\fR, which must already exist.
The \fIleftText\fP,
\fIcenterText\fP, and \fIrightText\fP arguments give strings to be
displayed left-justified, centered, and right-justified (respectively)
in the menu entry.  If any of the arguments is an empty string or the
single character ``-'', then no text is displayed in that position.
\fIColor\fP gives the background color to use for the entry;  if it is
an empty string or ``-'' then the standard background color for the
window is used.  \fICmd\fP is a command to invoke whenever the menu
entry is invoked.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBmenu create \fIname leftText centerText rightText color cmd leftText ...\fR
Create a new menu, which will be displayed to the right of any existing
menus in the menu bar.  The new menu's name will be \fIname\fP.  If there is
already a menu named \fIname\fR, then it will be replaced (the new menu
will occupy the same position in the menu bar as the old menu).
Following the \fIname\fP
argument are any number of groups of five arguments, with each group
describing one entry in the new menu from top down. The five arguments
for each menu entry have the same meaning as for \fBmenu append\fP.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBmenu delete \fIname\fP
Delete the menu named \fIname\fP and return an empty string.
.TP
\fBmenu info\fR
Return a Tcl list whose entries are the names of the menus for this
window, in order.
.TP
\fBmenu info \fIname\fR
Returns a Tcl list containing information about menu \fIname\fR.  Each entry
in the list corresponds to one entry in the menu, in order from top
down.  Each entry is itself a Tcl list with four entries, which
are the \fIleftText\fR, \fIcenterText\fR, \fIrightText\fR, and \fIcmd\fR
values from \fBmenu create\fR or \fBmenu append\fR.
.TP
\fBmenu modify \fIname entryIndex leftText centerText rightText color cmd\fR
Change the \fIentryIndex\fR'th entry in menu \fIname\fP as indicated
by arguments \fIleftText\fP through \fIcmd\fP.  Each of these five
arguments has the same meaning as in \fBmenu append\fP.  Entry 0 is
the topmost entry in the menu.  Returns an empty string.
.RE
.VS
.TP
\fBmessage \fIstring\fR
Display \fIstring\fR in the message subwindow.
.VE
.TP
\fBnewline\fP
Insert a newline character at the position of the caret, and
adjust indentation.  If the caret's initial line
consists of nothing but space, then all the space on the line is
deleted.  If the caret's initial line contains leading space, it
is reorganized to consist of zero or more tabs followed by zero or
more space characters, such that the total width of white space is
the same after the change as before (a tab counts for eight characters).
Tabs and spaces are inserted on the caret's new line to match the
indentation of the caret's initial line.
.TP
\fBopen \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fIfile\fR \fIfile\fR ...
.VS
Open a new window.  \fIOptions\fR and
\fIfile\fR arguments are treated just the same as they are treated
on the command line, except for the following exceptions.  The \fB-D\fR
option is not permitted, nor are options that specify a display.
If \fIfile\fR is not specified, a new window is opened on the same
file as the current window.  If no geometry specification is given in
\fIoptions\fR, then \fBmx\fR uses the contents of the global variable
\fBgeometry\fP as a default geometry;  if no \fBgeometry\fP variable
exists, then \fBmx\fR picks a default geometry.  Other options, such
as foreground color and font, default to the values from the invoking
window, rather than looking for X defaults.
\fBOpen\fR sets the global variable
\fBnewWindow\fR in the invoking window
to hold the id of the newly-created window.  This may
be used in conjunction with the \fBsend\fR command to issue commands
to the new window.  The return value is always an empty string.
.VE
.TP
\fBquit\fP
Destroy the window.  If this is the last remaining window on its file
and if the file has been modified since the last time it was written,
then the user is notified and given a chance to save the file or
abort the command.  This command always returns an error, in order to
abort any partially-executed commands that are in progress (execution
of further commands on the window could cause a core dump).
.TP
\fBquote\fP
.VS
Quote the next input character.  The mapping for the next character will
be ignored and the character will be inserted.  The return value is always
an empty string.
.VE
.TP
\fBread \fIfile\fR
Read \fIfile\fP and insert its contents just before the caret.
.TP
\fBreplace \fR[\fIoption args\fR]
Replace the selection, as determined by \fIoption\fR and \fIargs\fR:
.RS
.TP
\fBreplace\fP
If no \fIoption\fP is given, then replace the selection by the value
of the \fBreplaceString\fP global variable.  If the
search subwindow isn't visible, don't do any replacement but open
the search subwindow and focus input on the replacement string entry.
.TP
\fBreplace range\fR \fIstart stop\fR [\fIpattern string\fR]
Search the range of text between the marks \fIstart\fR and \fIstop\fR,
inclusive for occurrences of \fIpattern\fP.
Replace each occurrence with
\fIstring\fP.  If \fIpattern\fP and \fIstring\fP aren't specified, then
they are taken from the \fBsearchString\fP and \fBreplaceString\fR
global variables.  If the search subwindow isn't visible, don't
do any replacement but open the search subwindow and focus input
on the replacement string entry.
.VS
By default, vi-style regular expressions are used for the pattern and
replacement strings.
If the variable ``noRegExps'' is set to ``1'', only simple matching is done:
there are no wild cards.
Matches must be within a single line of the file.
.VE
.TP
\fBreplace selection \fIstring\fP
Delete the selection and insert \fIstring\fP in its place.
.RE
The \fBreplace\fR command always returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBreset\fR
.VS
Discard the version of the file that is currently loaded in memory and
re-load the file from its disk version.  Any changes that have been
made since the last time the file was saved will be lost (but you'll
be warned in this case and given a chance to skip the command).  This
command will affect all of the windows open on the file.
.VE
.TP
\fBsearch \fR[\fIdirection \fR[\fIpattern\fR]]
Search for a pattern.  The search starts from the beginning of
the selection (if there is a selection in the window's file),
or from the caret if there's no selection.  \fIDirection\fR indicates which
direction to search, and must be either \fBforward\fR or
\fBbackward\fR.  If omitted, it defaults to \fBforward\fR.
\fIPattern\fP gives a text string to search for;  if not
given, it defaults to the global variable \fBsearchString\fP.  If the
search subwindow isn't visible, don't do any searching but open the
search subwindow and focus input on the search string entry.
.VS
By default, vi-style regular expressions are used for the pattern and
replacement strings.
If the variable ``noRegExps'' is set to ``1'', only simple matching is done:
there are no wild cards.
Matches must be within a single line of the file.
.VE
If a match is found, the matching range is selected and the caret
is set to the beginning of the range.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBsee \fImark\fP [\fBtop\fR|\fBcenter\fR|\fBbottom\fR]
Adjust the view in the window so that the character at \fImark\fP
is visible in the window.  If a \fBtop\fR or \fBcenter\fR or \fBbottom\fR
option is given, then the mark will appear at the given position in
the window.  If no position is given, then \fBmx\fR will check to see if
\fImark\fR is already visible.  If so, it does nothing.  If not, it
will center \fImark\fR in the window.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBselection \fIoption \fR[\fIarg ...\fR]
This command performs one of several selection-related operations,
depending on \fIoption\fR:
.RS
.TP
\fBselection\fR
.TP
\fBselection get\fR
If \fBselection\fR is invoked with no \fIoption\fR, or if \fIoption\fR
is \fBget\fR, then the command returns the contents of the selection.
An error occurs if there's nothing selected.  The command \fBselection\fR
is different from the command \fIextract sel.left sel.right\fR:
\fBselection\fR will return the contents of the selection even if
the selection is in another window, but
\fBextract sel.left sel.right\fR can only return
information from this window.
.TP
\fBselection clear\fR
.VS
If there is something selected in this window, the selection is cleared,
so nothing will be selected.  If there is nothing selected in this window,
there is no effect.  Returns an empty string.
.VE
.TP
\fBselection here\fR
Returns \fB1\fR if there is something selected in the file in this window.
Returns \fB0\fR if there is no selection or if the selection is not in
this window's file.
.TP
\fBselection set \fImark1 \fR[\fImark2\fR]
Change the selection to consist of the characters between \fImark1\fP
and \fImark2\fP, inclusive.  If \fImark2\fR isn't specified,
then select the single character at \fImark1\fR.  Returns an empty string.
.RE
.TP
\fBsend \fIwindow command\fR
\fIWindow\fR must be the id of another window owned by this \fBmx\fR process
(such as a value placed in \fBnewWindow\fR by \fBopen\fR).  The \fBsend\fR
command will invoke the Tcl interpreter to process \fIcommand\fR in
the context of \fIwindow\fR, rather than the window from which the
\fBsend\fR command was issued.  \fBSend\fR will return the result
of executing \fIcommand\fR in \fIwindow\fR.
.TP
\fBswitch \fIfileName\fR
Change the window to display \fIfileName\fR instead of what's there
currently.  If the file currently in the window has been modified, and
if this is the only window on the file, then a notifier is popped up
to warn the user and give him/her a chance to abort the command.
.TP
\fBtaginfo \fIname\fR
Look up \fIname\fP in the tags file(s).  If
it is found, then return a Tcl list whose first element is the file
containing \fIname\fR and whose second element is a search pattern
identifying the tag's location in the file.
If the global variable \fBtagFiles\fR is defined, it must contain a list of
tags files to check.  Those files will be
checked for \fIname\fP in order.  If no \fBtagFiles\fP variable exists,
then the file \fBtags\fP in the current directory is searched.
.TP
\fBundo \fR[\fBmore\fR]
.TP
\fBundo recover \fIfileName\fR
Undo recent edits.  If \fBundo\fR is invoked without any arguments,
the most recent modification to the file is undone;  multiple
invocations will toggle the change.  If the
\fBmore\fR argument is given, successive undo's work back through
history;  successive \fBundo more\fP commands will undo every change
back to the beginning of the edit session.  Modifications are undone
in groups delimited by marks in an undo log;  normally,
a mark is placed in the log before and after each user-invoked action
(button click, menu selection, or keystroke) that modifies the file.
Exceptions to this rule occur for keystrokes whose bindings have the
``!'' prefix:  no marks are placed in the log for these actions.
Returns an empty string.  If the \fBrecover\fR option is given,
then \fIfileName\fR must be the address of a \fBmx\fR log.  This command
will read \fIfileName\fR, which describes changes made in a previous
edit session, and apply those changes to the current file.
.TP
\fBupdate\fR
Force the screen to get updated.  Normally the screen is updated only
at the end of processing a command, just before waiting for more input
from the user.  This command will force any pending redisplays to
be performed immediately.  It's used mostly for debugging.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBwrite \fR[\fIfileName\fR]
Write the file to disk.  If \fIfileName\fR is given then the
file is written there;  otherwise it is written to the place from
which it was read (i.e. the name displayed in the window's title
bar).  Returns a message containing the file's name and number of
lines.

.SH "COMMAND PROCEDURES"
In addition to the built-in commands described above, a number of Tcl
command procedures are created by the default \fBmx\fR startup file.  They
may be invoked just like built-in commands, and are described below.
.TP
\fBcaretinfo\fR
Returns a string containing information about the file's length and
the position of the caret.
.TP
\fBline \fIi\fR
Selects line number \fIi\fR and adjusts the view in the window so that
the line number is visible.  Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBmove\fR
This command moves the contents of the selection to the caret position.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBnext\fR
.VS
This command switches to the next \fIfile\fR of those specified on the
command line by deleting the first element of the variable \fB$files\fR
and switching the window to the new first element of \fB$files\fR.
.VE
.TP
\fBshowBindings \fIbinding binding ...\fR
Open a scratch window and display information about keystroke
bindings in it.  If
no \fIbinding\fR argument is given, then display information about all
of the keystroke bindings that are currently defined.
If one or more \fIbinding\fR arguments are given, then
just display information for the given bindings.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBshowMenus \fIname name ...\fR
Open a scratch window and display information about menus in it.  If
no \fIname\fR argument is given, then display information for all the
menus that are currently defined.
If one or more \fIname\fR arguments are given, then
just display information for the named menus.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBshowProcs \fIname name ...\fR
Open a scratch window and display procedure information in it.  If
no \fIname\fR argument is given, then display information about all
the procedures that are currently defined.
If one or more \fIname\fR arguments are given, then
just display information for the named procedures.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBshowVars \fIname name ...\fR
.VS
Open a scratch window and display variable values in it.  If
no \fIname\fR argument is given, then display the values of all
variables known in the context of the caller of \fBshowVars\fR.
If one or more \fIname\fR arguments are given, then
just show the values of those variables. Returns an empty string.
.VE
.TP
\fBtag \fIname\fR
Invoke the \fBtaginfo\fR command to look up \fIname\fR, then open
a new window on its file, select the definition of \fIname\fR,
and make the selected line visible in the new window.
Returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBwhere\fR
.VS
Open a scratch window and display information about where the
last error occurred.  The error information is taken from the
\fBerrorInfo\fR global variable.
.VE

.SH "COMMAND SUBWINDOW"
The command subwindow allows commands to be typed in directly,
instead of invoking them through keystroke bindings or menus.
When active, it appears at the bottom of the \fBmx\fR window.  It can
be activated with the \fBcommand\fR or \fBfocus\fR commands.
Commands may be entered and
edited in the command subwindow, and are invoked by typing
carriage-return or by middle-clicking in the window.  When a command
is invoked, it is not deleted from the command subwindow, in order
to permit it to be re-invoked easily.  The
command window is de-activated by typing \fB^Q\fR in it.

.SH "SEARCH SUBWINDOW"
The search subwindow is used to enter search and replacement strings.
When active, it appears at the top of the \fBmx\fR window, just underneath
the menu bar.  If it isn't active and a search or replacement command
is invoked that requires one of its entries, then the window is
activated.  It may also be activated using the \fBfocus\fR
command.  The top entry in the window is used to enter a search
pattern and the bottom entry is used to enter a replacement string.
The values of these two entries are always available in the \fBsearchString\fR
and \fBreplaceString\fR global variables, respectively.
If carriage-return is typed in the ``Search:'' entry, or if the middle
mouse button is clicked in the entry, then the the contents of the
global variable \fBsearchCmd\fR are invoked as a Tcl command.
If carriage-return is typed in the ``Replace:'' entry, or
if it is middle-buttoned, then the contents of the global variable
\fBreplaceCmd\fR are invoked as a Tcl command.
The search subwindow can be deactivated by typing \fB^Q\fR in it.

.SH KEYWORDS
editor, mouse, window